Guidelines for the development of a psychological support programme for victims of disasters and other stressful life events.

The last 30 years have seen a tremendous increase in our knowledge of disasters. Not only have the causes and the effects of the disasters been carefully analysed, but a significant amount of data and information has been gathered on long term consequences, both physical and psychological. It has been found that similar psychological reactions can be experienced by individuals involved in disaster and those facing extreme stress in their daily life. Investigations after traumatic events have demonstrated that psychological damage takes a longer time to heal than a broken arm or other physical wounds. Processing such psychological suffering is a long and complex task for any individual or community. Its successful management can be assisted by trained and dedicated people, not necessarily professionals. If neglected or misunderstood, this process can lead to long term disability and social impairment. In recent years - responding to needs expressed by victims, helpers and managers - a number of National Societies have developed and implemented specific programmes for psychological support. This document aims at assisting National Societies who wish to become involved in the development of psychological support programmes. In its first part, it provides basic information on the psychological effects of stressful events and disasters, potential victims, and how they might be assisted. In its second part a programme is detailed for establishing a basic development plan. Individual National Societies may define their own way of adapting and incorporating psychological support into their already existing programmes/structures. The third part give examples of training modules to be integrated into existing training programmes