Crisis communication for local government managers / Nancy L. Lempen.

A downloadable version of this report is available at bookstore.icma.org, item no. 42792 (report), or E-43056 (ICMA website).

Includes bibliographical references (p.19).

Safety as a basic human need -- Crisis avoidance -- Crisis management -- Steps to effective crisis communications -- Always prepared: San Jose, California -- Summary and conclusion -- Appendix A: worksheet for developing crisis messages -- Appendix B: resource list.

Report details 10 steps to effective crisis communications?including identifying and building good working relationships with key community people, analyzing the audience, developing appropriate messages, setting up a communications network, working with the media, and debriefing after the crisis passes. A mini-case study, a worksheet for developing crisis messages, and a list of resources are also included.